SYNOPSIS
1. Introduction to statistics
2. What is statistics?
3. What are the types of statistics?
4. Descriptive statistics
5. What involves in descriptive statistics?
6. Inferential statistics
7. What involves in inferential statistics?
8. Conclusion
Introduction to statistics
Generally in this generation data is one of the most important aspect in every point of view as data defines what you are and how you are. So as speaking of data it speaks a huge volume and as a data scientist or data analyst or as a statistician it is our responsibility to gather all the information and to produce a meaningful information from it. Basically statistics teaches statistical thinking concepts that are essential for learning from data and communicating insights.
What is statistics?
Statistics is a branch of study to understand the data (understanding the behavior of the data).
It is a branch of science involves in collecting , analyzing data to study about the nature of the data and using it to solve a use case , i.e. to gather meaningful definition from the data.
What are the types of statistics?
As the basic idea of what stats is known the next step is on what are the possible ways there to know about the data to understand about it.
Statistics is divided into two types :
- Descriptive statistics
- Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics :
Descriptive statistics is used to basically know how the data and what the data is all about.
In this after the data ingestion , we analyze , explore and visualize the data basically proving the summary of the data. (to know the present situation of the data)
In Descriptive statistics, we generally use numbers and graph to re[resent the data and to gather the information on it.
What involves in descriptive statistics? :
While understanding the data with descriptive statistics there are certain methods that are involved to analyze , explore , and visualizing the data.
MEASURE OF FREQUENCY → Count , Percentage , Frequency of occurrence.
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDANCY → Mean , Median , Mode.
MEASURE OF DESPERSION / VARIANCE → Variance , Standard Deviation , Range , Inter Quartile Range.
MEASURE OF POSITION → Percentile of rank , Quantiles and Quartiles.
Inferential statistics :
Inferential statistics involves after the descriptive statistics which is used to derive conclusion from the data.
In inferential statistics we take the sample from the population data and we analyze the data and we perform few tests on the sample data generalizing about the population data with sample data , finally deriving conclusion from it.
What involves in inferential statistics? :
As mentioned based above there are few test that are involved in inferential statistics.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
P-VALUE
Z-TEST
T-TEST
CHI²-TEST
ANNOVA
Conclusion
So statistics is all about providing a set of decision making techniques which aids drawing conclusions from data.
Statistics is taken from the Latin word Status.
Statistics has its features but there are also limitations of it. Statistics also perform the functions like expression of facts in numbers, simple presentation etc. It has also have importance in fields like for administrators, businessman, in economics etc. In spite of the usefulness of statistics and the confidence of the people in its efficacy ,some people have misgivings about it and they distrust it. A competent doctor can cure the malady by making good use of the medicine but the same medicine in the hands of an incompetent doctor becomes poison. But in spite of it we take measures to remove distrust like no bias, applications by experts.
